The Education Of The Virgin Islands - 1639 Words

But the improvements made within the department never stopped there. In the high wings of discussing what there would be in the sense of higher education, many ideas came about. The greatest achievement in education in the Virgin Islands was the establishment of the College of the Virgin Islands, now called the University of the Virgin Islands, resulting in adding higher education to the territory (Modern Times). In recent outlooks from people in the community, they could say that the teachers are underpaid in the Virgin Islands. There are so many reasons for the underpayment of the teachers that are too numerous to mention. Teachers in the Virgin Islands Education Department are paid in the salary range of $32,000 to $66,000 a year (3-7). These salaries compared to the national average are not close to the usual pay rate for teachers. From previous learnings, teachers in the U.S. are usually paid over $65,000 a year on average. Principals and Assistant Principals in the V.I. Educati on Department are paid in the salary range of $70,000 to $95,000 a year (Staff). Department heads think that there was some sort of budget cut along the way in order to justify receiving such low salaries. The Department of Education tries its best daily to fight for the proper wages of its employees and counterparts that make a difference to the territory’s children each and every academic calendar year. Teachers must make major sacrifices to make ends meet on the meager salaries that theyShow MoreRelatedThe U.S. Virgin Islands is predominantly an English speaking island however the most popular1300 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. Virgin Islands is predominantly an English speaking island; however the most popular language spoken over the past 400 years has been a Virgin Islands Creole English, as well as Dutch Creole. The U.S. Virgin Islands became an English speaking country in 1917 when the island was formerly the Danish West Indies. Over the years Virgin Islanders have commun icated with each other with a dialect some Virgin Islanders call â€Å"broken English†, although some scholars call it Creole English. Virgin IslandersRead MoreWorld Environment Day1626 Words   |  7 Pagesa Low Carbon Economy†. In recent times, the need to promote more earth friendly practices in order to maintain the health of our planet has come to the forefront, as world nations struggle to reverse the present trend of climate change. In the Virgin Islands, World Environment Day also commemorates the beginning of Environment Month. Spearheaded by the Conservation amp; Fisheries Department activities will be carried out throughout this month to foster an appreciation of the natural environment withinRead More1. Who are the country’s main competitors and how is it positioned relative to these main1100 Words   |  5 Pagesthese main competitors? FDI inflows, by region and economy, 2012 (Latin American and the Caribbean) Country FDI in 2012 (Millions of dollars) 1. Brazil 65 271.85165 2. British Virgin Islands 64 895.73812 3. Chile 30 323.047 4. Colombia 15 822.93615 5. Argentina 12 551.11934 6. Peru 12 239.67185 7. Cayman Islands 4234.45103 8. Dominican Republic 3609.6 9. Venezuela 3216 Dominican Republic holds the 8th position in FDI inflows in the Latin America Caribbean sector, just above Venezuela, accordingRead MoreEnglish Is A Global Language1474 Words   |  6 Pages. English is currently spoken by between 1500 and 2000 million people , in hundred of countries . 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Within two weeks, I was able to conduct patient intakes andRead MoreHistory of Caribbean Education1413 Words   |  6 Pagesthe term applied to the English- speaking islands in the Carribbean and the mainland nations of Belize (formerly British Honduras) and Guyana (formerly British Guiana) that once constituted the Caribbean portion of the British Empire. This volume examines only the islands of the Commonwealth Caribbean, which are Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, the Windward Islands (Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Grenada), Barbados, the Leeward Islands (Antigua and Barbuda, St. Christopher [hereafterRead MoreEssay Elements of the Masque in The Tempest1005 Words   |  5 Pagesgoddesses and, ideally, machinery for Juno to descend as deus ex machina with. It also involves great amounts of song and dance. The entire play makes extensive use of music, with Ariels songs and Prosperos charms as well as the sweet airs of the island itself. 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The Conflict Of Partner Violence - 1589 Words

It is probable that no single theory or factor can fully explain the phenomenon of IPV. It is ineffective to attempt to demonstrate that one theory or model is correct, whereas others are wrong when there are factors at many levels that play a causal role in partner violence (Carlson, 1984). It is apparent that every perspective contributes to the explanation of violence in relationships. However, the perspectives discussed have a myriad of research to support their claims and it is evident that both provide an important insight into the issue of partner violence. Not only this but they are successful in their approach to explain violence and offer comprehensive treatments to tackle chronic aggression. Thus these particular approaches seem to amongst the most successful and comprehensive understandings of violence in the literature today. Although SLT offers a useful framework to understand risk factors for aggression, it disregards the significance of factors that are independent of an individual s learning history such as genetic predispositions known to heighten aggression (McDermott et. al 2009). SLT is one of the key theories that contribute to the understanding of partner violence and is backed by a myriad of research. Despite this, there is still large gaps in both knowledge and research of the relative effect of experiencing or witnessing violence in an individual s family (Delsol Margolin, 2004). Something that is often overlooked by supporters of SLT is theShow MoreRelatedSexual Violence And Sexual Abuse1153 Words   |  5 PagesThese types of abuse have formed a named to sum the types of abuse. 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The only exception to these figures is shown in the major national survey produced by the National Violence Against Women survey which found that thirty-six percent of the victims are male (Kimmell, 2001). The issue is not that men don’t tell, no one actually asks. Women on the other hand have the public knowledge that domestic violence occursRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Society1745 Words   |  7 Pages Domestic Violence in Literature Domestic violence entails transgressions that tend to exhibit regular occurrence worldwide. Domestic violence is substantially attributable to the psychological, physical, mental, and sexual forms of suffering or anguish. Domestic violence further refers to the family violence or spousal abuse that defines the evident pattern of violent behaviors executed by one spouse to the other in the close affiliations that include courtships, matrimony, family, or individualsRead MoreThe Effects Of Family Violence On Child Behavior And Health During Early Childhood1382 Words   |  6 Pagesof family violence to have drastically changed. In the article, Effects of Family Violence on Child Behavior and Health During Early Childhood by Diana English, the study focus on how domestic violence can have an indirect or direct effect on the child s well being and an increase of behavioral problems among young children. The study evaluates on whether or not child s behavior issues and health of those wh o been neglected or abuse have worsen. Some common findings on family violence shows thereRead MoreRape And Sexual Violence And Assault And Its Survivors Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature review with focus on rape and sexual violence/assault and its survivors. Extensive literature search was conducted on relevant concepts that include the definition of rape, sexual violence and assault, consequences of rape and sexual violence/assault, provision of health services. The search looked at developed and developing countries as well as war stricken settings. Therefore, the aim was to understand the burden of rape and sexual violence, its consequences and provision of health servicesRead MoreWhat Is Intimate Partner Violence?1351 Words   |  6 Pagesis Intimate Partner Violence? If one has not lived through it, the meaning is unknown. When we hear the term, we tend to picture a woman covered in bruises. In reality, the damage is much worse. There is many long term effects t hat run deeper than the physical injuries (Giardino, 2010). Victims experience shame, isolation, detrimental physical and mental health consequences and financial stressor. This also causes dramatic effects on the families of the victims. This violence also affectsRead MoreSpeech on Domestic Violence - Urban Issue986 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech for Urban Issue – Domestic Violence Domestic Violence is violence or physical abuse directed toward your spouse or partner, usually its violence by men against women Domestic Violence or DV is about power and control over a spouse. The three main types of Domestic Violence are Physical, Emotional, and Economic (financial) The first kind of domestic violence that we will be talking about is physical violence. Physical violence involves a person using physical force which causes harm toRead MoreAttachment Styles Influence Relational Patterns Between A Married Couple And Their Children Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior that develop from the subjective constructs definitive of attachment experiences throughout their lives. Negative relational patterns increase the likelihood of marital violence in the home. When experiencing stress related life issues, conflicts may arise due to substandard communication skills leading to physical violence, aggressiveness, resulting in harsh spousal disputes. A positive upswing in marital and family harmony occurs when healthy communication skills develop along with secure based

Akkadian Cuneiform free essay sample

The texts in the royal Assyrian reliefs are written in Akkadian cuneiform. Invented in the Fertile Crescent region, cuneiform is inarguably the most ancient writing system ever known in human history. The writing system originates from relatively simple signs that were presumably coined around 3300B. C. for accounting purpose. Along with the development of civilization, economic productivity in the Fertile Crescent increased exponentially, leading to the expansion of trade even beyond the Mesopotamian region. First inscribed on clay tokens, the seemingly pictographic signs got to be written in more improved medium such as bullae and finally clay tablet that can harbor more complicated information. Also Cuneiform adapted to more progressive structures that later turns into syllabic and eventually alphabetic writing system. The cuneiform was first used by Sumerians, and then it wide spread throughout the region and was later adopted by numerous ethnic groups headed by Babylonians and Assyrians. The adaptation process created Akkadian cuneiform which is basically distinct from its predecessor. From 10th to 7th century B. C. , after Assyrians survived from the invasion of the Sea People which is barely recorded nor preserved in oral transmission, they rapidly expanded their realm and established the empire. According to Albenda, Assyrians were brutal warriors armed with advanced chariot which made them formidable in the Middle East (46). â€Å"The need to maintain the Assyrian army resulted in a series of forays against neighboring communities, and these ventures were countered by attacks, which, if we are correct in our belief, are illustrated on the Assyrian bas-reliefs originally located above the scene of the besieged city. (Albenda, 46) As a result of continual series of conquest, the Assyrians were known to be infamous rulers, which partly was what they aimed to be. The empire prospered along with the expansion. The royal palace in Nimroud, built by a renowned Assyrian emperor, Ashur-nasir-pal II, still reflects the prosperity of the empire. The royal reliefs were excavated from the palace in N imroud, also known as its biblical name Calah. These were made around 860B. C. , at the pinnacle. However, the prosperity did not last forever, and the palace was buried under sand after the fall of the empire. With the fall of Assyria in 612 B. C. , the palace fell into ruins and became completely covered with earth and overgrown. It lay forgotten for 2,500 years, until it was rediscovered by a young British adventurer, Austen Henry Layard, in 1846† (Russell, 655). Layard excavated the ruins of Babylon, ancient cities of southern Mesopotamia, and lastly the imperial capital of Ashurbanipal in the north of Bagdad. He was credited not only for his ability as a diplomat but also for his understanding on the Middle Eastern culture. The Assyrian relief excavated in royal palace of Ashur-nasir-pal II features salient characteristics of both the writing system and the society it was inscribed. First of all, the texts in the reliefs in Nimroud were written in Akkadian language, using logo-syllabic cuneiform signs. Akkadian language is the earliest Semitic language currently known, and it shares significant features with modern day Semitic languages, such as Arabic or Hebrew. Huehnergard and Woods note that the Akkadian grammar system is closely related to that of classic Arabic. 83) Akkadian language was once utilized as a lingua-franca in the Middle East until the 8th century B. C. , when it was marginalized by Aramaic language during the Neo-Assyrian era. However, it still remained as a literary language, widely written for official usage including the reliefs in Assyrian palace. Akkadian was written in cuneiform which had been first invented by Sumerians. Sumerians resided in Mesopotamia, establishing the oldest civilization ever known before Assyrians and Babylonians built their own. Christopher Johnston mentions in his writing that cuneiform tablets of Assyria and Babylonia not only presented a Semitic language, but also idioms considerably differing from Semitic language. The most peculiar feature of the idioms was that these were written for the most part in ideograms, combined with certain phonetic elements. (317) It implies that Akkadian language adopted ideographic features of Sumerian writing system along with Sumerian civilization, making Akkadian cuneiform share both logographic and syllabic characteristics. Johnston states that â€Å"Old tongue [like Sumerian vocabulary in Akkadian language] was preserved as a ritual [and court] language, holding the same place that Latin holds today in the Roman Catholic church† (318). Since Akkadian cuneiform is polyvalent which means it is used in multiple different languages, transliteration of Akkadian cuneiform requires a distinction between different systems. It was composed of Sumerian logograms, syllabograms and determinatives which mark semantic categories in logographic writing. In transliteration format of cuneiform, logograms are written in capital letters, syllables in lower case, and determinatives in superscripts. Moreover, single cuneiform sign can represent multiple sounds and meanings in different languages. Thus even a sign with single transliteration can be presented in various ways when it is normalized. The second salient feature of the relief is its purpose and the usage of it. The Royal relief was inscribed on the wall of the palace so that anybody who visits the palace could see it. One of the characteristics of the relief that shows the usage of it is Standard Inscription: the texts were the same or very similar on each relief. The Standard Inscription begins by giving various names and titles of the king, tracing Ashur-nasir-pal II’s ancestry and summarizes his military conquests. It also briefly recounts the boundaries of his empire and the palace of Nimroud itself. (Russell, 670) The Standard Inscription most evidently harbors the purpose of the text written on the wall relief of the royal palace: to depict the royal ideology. The royal ideology consists of several goals that the reliefs were meant to propagate: the prosperity of the empire and the divinity of the royal blood as descendants of gods. The quote below from one of the reliefs well conveys the ideology. â€Å"And my decorated house like a Syrian palace for my glory in the midst of Kalkhu(Calah or Nimroud) I built†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ extent of earth higher than the former palaces of my fathers from the bed of the Tigres I caused to rise†¦.. the strong foundations against the waters, the stone embankments I strengthened like the mass of a mountain I filled†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and igures carved in the likenesses of the great gods around I made and they inspired reverence. †(Davis, 18) In some of the reliefs, the emperor is depicted as a hybrid of human and animal, implicating the supernatural power of the ruler. The most representative piece among the depictions is the relief of human and eagle hybrid environed by a divine tree. Along with the dep ictions of supernatural creatures, the Standard Inscription had shown greatness and dignity of the empire to the people visiting the palace in Nimroud. A theme of image that is recurring throughout the clay slabs is display of violence, with its victim varies from enemies to wild beasts. Lion and ox hunting is repetitively presented on the reliefs, showing that Assyrian society valued masculinity and power over harmony and peace. Or sometimes, as mentioned above, lions and oxen are sometimes mixed with human appearance, which figuratively symbolizes the power of the ruler. Other reliefs describe fierce battles in which Assyrian warriors are defeating its enemies (Reade, 87). The images subsequent to the images of battle are mostly depicting the Assyrian army capturing slaves, presenting the penalties that the subjects would face after transgression. The Standard Inscription and the images described in reliefs drive us into the fact that the artifacts were used as a medium propaganda. The continuously repeated text implies that it was not written to informative; informative writing in general is written to harbor more information in a limited space, and therefore repetition of words is unlikely in informative writing. On the contrary, expressions in propaganda are likely to be repetitive, reminding people the message that they want to convey, just like advertising language. The texts and images that present the authority and power of the empire are presumably very effective propaganda for Assyria to threaten and subjugate its neighbors. â€Å"The unlettered person saw the strong figures sacrificing, hunting, fighting and torturing prisoners, and the educated person read the boastful record and both were in this way reminded that the king and his gods were to be feared†(Davies, 20). Non-elites were note likely to view these reliefs in that they would not have often, if ever, permitted into the palace, but even if they were, they were frightened by the image of atrocities. Since Assyrian Empire was a dynasty of conquest that comprises numerous ethnic groups from Egyptians to Elamites, such propaganda of threatening its subjects was necessary to keep the empire from insurgences. According to the evidence previously mentioned, it is unlikely that the reliefs were meant to harbor aesthetic value. In other words, the reliefs were not inscribed on the wall of the palace for artistic purpose. For example, in many of the inscriptions, misspelled words are found, sometimes even from the very first word of a Standard Inscription. It is seemingly very unlikely to happen in royal art pieces. This implies that the texts were not meant to be read thoroughly, word by word. Furthermore, the texts are inscribed in the middle the slabs, intersecting the image. This makes it hard to identify the text. The misspelled words, poor legibility and recurring texts of Standard Inscription indicate that the texts on the reliefs are not written as a literary work with little aesthetic consideration. Not only the text but also the themes of images are repetitive, lacking creativity. Rather than pursuing a certain aesthetic value, the reliefs in general are focused on their function as propaganda, maximizing the function in various methods. Assyrian royal relief excavated from the palace built by Ashur-nasir-pal II shows features of the writing system and culture of the age. The akkadian cuneiform which derived from the Sumerian cuneiform with syllabic featured added was used to inscribe the text. The texts and the images in the reliefs represents the power of Assyrian empire as propaganda, over their function of presenting information or artistic values. BIBLIOGRAPHY John Huehnergard and Christopher Woods, â€Å"Akkadian and Eblaite†, The Ancient Languages of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Aksum, Ed. Roger D. Woodard, Cambridge University Press, 2008. 83 Russell, John Malcom, The Program of the Palace of Assurnasirpal II at Nimrud: Issues in the Research and Presentation of Assyrian Art. American Journal of Archeology, 1998. 655–715 Christopher Johnston, The Sumero-Akkadian Question, 1893. 317-322 Pauline Albenda, A Syro-Palestinian City on a Ninth Century B. C. Assyrian Relief, 1972. 46 J. E. Reade, The Neo-Assyrian Court and Army: Evidence from the Sculptures, 1972. 87-112

William ShakespeareS Othello Essays - Othello, Iago, Emilia

William Shakespeare'S Othello The Hamartias of Othello In William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello, the hero, Othello, is plagued by his many hamartias. Termed by Aristotle around 330 B.C., hamartia is a tragic hero's ?error or transgression or his flaw or weakness of character.? (p.1296) Othello's hamartias include jealousy, a blind, unrealistic love for Desdemona, trusting others too easily, and his unrealized ability to deceive himself. These flaws, along with the help of Iago, cause Othello to loose everything he has including his life. At first look at Othello, he shows no signs of jealousy and even entrusts his wife to Iago saying, ?To his conveyance I assign my wife.? (1.3.286) Othello also the great self control that is expected from someone who has been a warrior since he was seven years old as mentioned by, ?for since these arms of mind has seven years pith ? they have used their dearest action in the tented field.?(1.3.83-85) Iago begins to break down this self-control by talking of jealousy: IAGO. O, beware, my lord, of jealousy. It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock The meat it feeds on. (3.3.178-179) Although the play shows no indication of physical aggression by Othello, one can assume from the following speech there is some physical confrontation between Othello, and Iago: OTHELLO. Villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore! Be sure of it. Give me the ocular proof, Or, by the worth of mine external soul, Thou hadst been better have been born a dog Than answer my waked wrath! (3.3.375-379) Others also notice Othello's jealous loss of self-control. In Act III Scene V Othello goes do Desdemona to demand she show him a handkerchief he gave to her. When she cannot produce the handkerchief Othello gets furious and storms out of the room. After his exit, Emilia says, ?Is not this man jealous Othello, being a military man, sees himself as a man who judges by the fact. He believes only what he sees, or what his most trusted ensign, Iago, reports to him. Having Iago report the goings on between Desdemona and Cassio makes it even easier for Iago to poison Othello's mind with thoughts of jealousy. Even though Iago hinted to Othello about Desdemona's infidelity, Othello still thought himself a man who was not to be self-deceived: OTHELLO. I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove; And on the proof, there is no more but this ? Away at once with love or jealousy. (3.3.204-206) This is, of course, ironic because as Othello later finds out, it is not easy to make a choice between love and jealousy. Othello being the kind of leader who judges by facts tells Iago to ?Give me the ocular proof,? (3.3.376) of his wife's infidelity. Othello has another Hamartia in that he has a blind, unrealistic love for his wife, Desdemona. He is a man who loved excessively but ?loved not wisely (5.2.554). Throughout the play Othello professes his love to Desdemona. One such event is when Othello says, ?O my soul's joy! / If after every tempest come such calms.? (2.1.177-178) This passage shows that Othello is pleased and calmed by his wife and his love for his wife. Just a few lines later Othello exults, ?If it were now to die, / ?Twere now to be most happy (2.1.182-183) showing that if he were to die now his soul would be happy. Then again in Act III Scene III, obviously the most important scene in the play, Othello lets Desdemona know that ?I will deny thee nothing.? (3.3.91) By this Othello is letting Desdemona know that there is nothing he wouldn't do for her. Being such a becalmed man due to his marriage to Desdemona, Othello, in the garden of the citadel, yells to Desdemona from a distance: OTHELLO. Excellent wretch! Perdition catch my soul But I do love thee! And when I love thee not, Chaos is come again. (3.3.98-100) This passage gives some foreshadowing because chaos does come again into Othello's life. At the end of the play when Othello does kill Desdemona, and he learns the truth about her, he says, ?I kissed thee ere I killed the. No way but this, / Killing myself, to die upon a kiss.? (5.2.369-370) He shows everyone that he truly did love his wife even

Differences Between The British political System and Others †Government Essay

Differences Between The British political System and Others – Government Essay Free Online Research Papers I am going to discuss Russian and English government system. There are a little bit differences between this two government systems. First, England has democratic monarchy and Russia is democratic country. In theory British Queen has absolute power, but in reality it is just tradition. Queen just sign the laws and speak the speeches which has been written for her by members of government. In Russia the President keep the power in his hands. He can give his own opinion about any law which government gave him to sign up. But President in Russia should also listen peoples opinion about laws and their recommendation. I don’t know much about British government system but I think English Prime Minister has more power and freedom than Russian. I think that just a few per cent of people hear about Russian Prime Minister Fradkov, but everybody knows Tony Blair. There are five parties in Russian government, but they don’t play really big role in Russian political system and Prime Minister don’t really follow them. There is opposite meaning about Prime Minister in England. The Prime Minister in England like main face of country and he also need to support his party. In Russia main parties support communism but people in Russia remember the communists days in Russia and just small part of Russian can dare to vote for communists parties. There are three main parties in Britain. The conservative party are also support by richest sections of society and large part of working class, Iain Duncan Smith is leader of this party. The main British party is Labour party. The Prime Minister of Great Britain is also leader of this party from May 2002. Middle and working classes always vote for Labours. The Liberal Democrats pa rty headed by Charles Kennedy is more poorly, than two previous parties, but all classes of society vote for Liberals. In the end I want to say, that there are no ideal political system in the world. English government is very traditional. I think that it is disadvantage and advantage at the same time. And the biggest problem in Russia that every politician lies to people. Research Papers on Differences Between The British political System and Others - Government EssayQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentTwilight of the UAW

Professional Ethics Essay Sample

Professional Ethics Essay Sample Essay on Pofessional Ethics Providing a professional ethics application towards other party is a simple way of delivering a respectable process of valuing the rights of other individuals as well as groups. When we say professional ethics, this is the professional way of valuing the dignity and existence of other individuals or groups. This is an important structure because valuing the ethical principles and values make a person responsible and disciplined on a regular basis. In this case, the significance of essay has been efficient on delivering a high amount of trust and value towards others in a professional way. In this case, the relationship between individuals, groups, and organizations become stronger as they all value the importance of respecting their rights to promote their dignity on a regular basis. Application of professional ethics is usually observed at work because we all work for the betterment of the company or organization that we apply our skills and knowledge to the company or other people. Valuing the rights and the vision of the company makes us responsible because it is a way to respect the existence of the company or a group that we work with. As a professional, we value our interests and goals in life as we apply our skills and contribution to improve the performance of the company we work with. Respecting the rules and regulations are examples to prevent any ethical and legal consequences that might impact our professional and personal values. This is the reason companies have a very firm reason to apply all corners of regulations to employees, investors, and consumers so that the value of trust becomes efficient with their core values and interests. The importance of utilizing professional ethics is to consistently apply the significance of policies that impact our behaviors and relationship towards others. This is done when we are dealing with business partnerships that are essential to prevent conflicting interests of any activities that we apply or consider. When engaging a contract, respecting the statement of agreement paper aims to establish a common interest between two individuals or groups so that the flow of the activity is followed correctly. A contract of agreement or a statement of agreement is a professional way of adhering to the standards of the company by the involved individuals or parties. It shows how a certain business, service, or talent is being applied in the most professional way as possible through a written contract. Application of professional ethics is important because it applies the essentials of the law and respecting the policies of every involved party at all times. Being formal to every involvement to a business or a company implies that the person is fulfilling their responsibility as mandated by the involved party or the society as a whole. Valuing ethical responsibilities is an example on how a certain role is respected by an involved party so that any misconduct is prevented by employers or anyone who already made agreements with a certain party. One should realize that any conflicting interests such as violating the agreements that have already been signed will consider their professional contracts breached. This is because there are agreed terms that were not followed or having failed to accomplish tasks that are relevant to the scope of responsibilities that should have been applied by the involved party (Wager Williams, 2011). Reference Wager, Elizabeth Williams, Peter (2011). Why and how do journals retract articles? An analysis of Medline retractions 1988- 2008.  Journal of Medical Ethics.  37  (9): 567–570.

The jainist and Carvaka approach to ethics Are they compatible Essay

The jainist and Carvaka approach to ethics Are they compatible - Essay Example The Jainist approach to ethics is based on self-denial in a somewhat form of bondage in order to conquer all manners of desire and senses to give up all pleasures and passions (Bilimoria, Prabhu, & Sharma, 2007). They believe that the world is made up of two elementary/ basic parts being the living and the non-living and that life is so precious and should not be tampered with at any time. This principle makes the Jainist to not only be vegetarians but only eat the by-products of living things such as fruits and milk only without terminating a life as they have the view that every living thing has a soul. Jainists have the view that there are innumerable substances whereby each has innumerable aspects, and that there are innumerable atoms and souls in the universe that have innumerable characteristics. They also hold the view that all matter and souls have their own independent existence in what is known as the realist pluralism and that every substance has both positive and negative characters. Jainist also respect other peoples view on something as they believe that every substance has multiple aspects and that the knowledge of human is highly limited and cannot know everything about an object and that every judgement is subject to some conditions and limitations. They believe there is no single statement that can explain the complexity of an object and that the knowledge of a thing is determined in relation to another and is relative. Jaina thinkers also hold the view that every substance has an essential character and an accidental character and that the substance cannot exist without the essential character. In a soul for instance, the essential character is consciousness whereas the accidental character of soul is desire, pain, volitions, pleasures and passions (Bilimoria, Prabhu, & Sharma, 2007). In soul liberation, one has to get rid of the accide3ntal characters of the soul in self-denial in order to live in a manner that is desirable and exemplifies r espect for the universe. Jainist states that association of the body with the soul make the soul to be in bondage and liberation of the soul can only be achieved through separation of matter from the soul. Thus, it is internal and external passion that leads us to bondage and suffering and liberation can only be achieved through differentiation of the body from the soul. Jainist have ultimate respect for life in a principle and believe that one should not even have the thought of terminating a life and that one should abstain from all forms of desires and worldly passions (Bilimoria, Prabhu, & Sharma, 2007). There is also the principle of abstinence from falsehood for one to be able to conquer the accidental character of the soul and the principle of abstinence from theft as property is accorded the sanctity of life and also abstinence from self-indulgence. On the other hand, the Carvaka is sceptical schools of thought that challenges all other schools of thought including Jainism a nd Buddhism and seeks to find the truth. It challenges all the traditional values on ethics and takes a dogmatic and sceptic approach to ethics and even the universe, as it upholds materialism whereby

Why Special Education Students Dont Graduate From High School Dissertation

Why Special Education Students Dont Graduate From High School - Dissertation Example Education Week and the Editorial Projects in Education (EPE) Research Center conducted a national report, which states that approximately 1.3 million youth drop out of high school every year.   However, the White House reports the number as a slightly lower figure of 1.2 million.   A quantitative review of statistics by Sum, et al. shows that â€Å"the incidence of institutionalization problems among young high school dropouts was more than 63 times higher than among young four-year college graduates†.   The need for effective dropout prevention strategies is important because the increasingly significant gap between the student who leaves high school without earning his diploma and the high school graduate has increasingly widened since the 1970s with regard to career mobility, unemployment rates, and wages.    Education Week and the Editorial Projects in Education (EPE) Research Center conducted a national report, which states that approximately 1.3 million youth dro p out of high school every year.   However, the White House reports the number as a slightly lower figure of 1.2 million.   A quantitative review of statistics by Sum, et al. shows that â€Å"the incidence of institutionalization problems among young high school dropouts was more than 63 times higher than among young four-year college graduates†.   The need for effective dropout prevention strategies is important because the increasingly significant gap between the student who leaves high school without earning his diploma and the high school graduate has increasingly widened since the 1970s with regard to career mobility, unemployment rates, and wages.    Research forecasts an even grimmer outlook for special education students who drop out of high school.   These students typically earn less than other dropouts and are less likely to succeed later in life. Feng and Sass report that the likelihood a special education student will drop out of school is double that o f his/her peers. Furthermore, â€Å"compared to their nondisabled peers, students with disabilities are more likely to experience unemployment or underemployment, lower pay, and job dissatisfaction†.This contemporary concern contributes to this qualitative case study which seeks to identify a number of common critical reasons special education students abandon their educational pursuits prior to earning their high school diplomas. Using information from interviews with recent dropouts from Ridgeville High School (pseudonym for a Virginia high school), in conjunction with findings from current literature, this study will contribute to the development of recommendations for more effective dropout prevention programs for special education students. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 CHAPTER I 3 INTRODUCTION 3 Background 2 Problem Statement 9 Purpose of the Study 11 Research Questions 12 Hypothesis 12 Identification of Variables 13 Definition of Terms 14 Res earch Plan 16 REFERENCES 20 APPENDIX A 26 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION High School Dropout Concerns Education Week and the Editorial Projects in Education (EPE) Research Center (2010) conducted a national report, which states that approximately 1.3 million youth drop out of high school every year. However, the White House (as cited in America’s Promise Alliance, 2009) reports the number as a slightly lower figure of 1.2 million. A quantitative review of statistics by Sum, et al. (2009) shows that â€Å"the incidence of institutionalization problems among young high school dropouts was more than 63 times higher than among young four-year college graduates† (p. 9). The need for effective dropout prevention strategies is important because the increasingly significant gap between the student who leaves high school without earning his diploma and the high school graduate has increasingly widened since the 1970s with regard to career mobility, unemployment rates and wages. Researc h forecasts an even grimmer outlook for special education (special ed) students who drop out of high school. These students typically earn less than other dropouts and are less likely to succeed later in life. Feng and Sass (2010) report that the likelihood a special education student will drop out of school is double that of his/her peers. Furthermore, â€Å"compared to their nondisabled peers, students with disabilities are more likely to experience unemployment or underemployment, lower pay, and job dissatisfaction† (Dunn, 1996 as cited in Levinson and Palmer, 2005, p. 11). This contemporary concern contributes to this qualitative case study which seeks to identify a number of common critical reasons special education students abandon their educational pursuits prior to earning their high school diplomas. Background Because an American’s financial stability and professional achievement have primarily depended on his educational attainment, obtaining a high school di ploma significantly enhances an American’s potential to build a solid foundation for achieving professional success (Shore, 2003). â€Å"

The Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby Essay In the novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby represents the American Dream of the 1920’s comprised of social values, wealth and excess in hope to make his own dream a reality. Social Values: 1. â€Å"I hope shell be a fool—thats the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool† (17) Explanation: The social environment in existence within the novel does not value the intelligence of women. By wishing her daughter to be unintelligent Daisy is asserting that the social constructs in evidence at the time entail that her daughter would be happier if she was simple; she will not be bored and frustrated in her existence in the same way Daisy herself is. 2. â€Å"in a moment she looked at me with an absolute smirk on her lovely face as if she had asserted her membership in a rather distinguished secret society to which she and Tom belonged† (18) Explanation: Although Tom and Daisy are considered wealthy members of the aristocracy their actions reveal an underlying egotism that reveals the shallow nature of society. Tom and daisy have a disregard for people who are from a lower class and they believe that money makes them superior. 3. â€Å"Mrs. Wilson changed her costume sometime before and was now attired in an elaborate afternoon dress of cream colored chiffon which gave out a continual rustle as she swept about the room† (35) Explanation: By referring to Myrtle as Mrs Wilson, Fitzgerald is emphasizing the fact that she is married and is therefore acting in a manner that is inappropriate. The fact that her dress is cream further reinforces her lack of purity. Her willingness to engage in an affair that is morally wrong is representative of the values of the society of the twenties. 4. â€Å"Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the Cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known (64) Explanation: Here Nick is revealing a great deal about the society of the twenties. During this period a great deal of money was being circulated and, alongside it, dishonesty and corruption. His comment reveals the degree of dishonesty in evidence within society at this time. Wealth: 1. â€Å"a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and ash-gray men swarm up with leaden spades and stir up an impenetrable cloud. (23) Explanation: This quote describes the life of people who have failed to acquire wealth. Their existence and surroundings are represented by the color grey. They live in poverty and serve as an image of failure. 2. â€Å"A pair of stage ‘twins’- who turned out to be the girls in yellow- did a baby act in costume and champagne was served in bigger than finger bowls† (36) Explanation: The color yellow is of significance here and is a color that is used to emphasize the moral corruption the twins represent. The use of costume within the act is illustrative of the facade people use. As with the costume, the material items they possess entail that the characters in the novel are false and define themselves by material wealth as opposed to being true to their characters. 3. â€Å"They were careless people, tom and daisy they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the mess they had made† (170) Explanation: This quote portrays the impact that wealth has had on Daisy and Tom. They have no regard for anything or anyone else. When they encounter problems they simply throw money at them, they believe that their material possessions make them immune to difficulties, which are something that people who are not as significant as them can deal with. They are consumed by their superficial possessions. 4. It was a photo of the house, cracked in the corners and dirty with many hands He had shown it so often that I think it was more real to him now than the house itself (180). Explanation: This quote represents the relationship Gatsby has with his father. Even his own family value him for his wealth and not for who he truly is. His father takes a picture of a house to the grave with him. This shows what he values; material possessions. Excess: 1. â€Å"the one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard—it was a factual imitation of some Hotel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool, and more than forty acres of lawn and garden. it was Gatsbys mansion (9) Explanation: This description of Gatsby’s mansion reveals further conspicuous consumption. He has spent copious amounts of money on acquiring a status symbol that he hopes can attract the attention of Daisy. Whilst he has enough money to be able to spend excessively he do so in a futile manner; such material things can never make him truly happy. This can be perceived to be a criticism of the falseness of the American Dream. 2. â€Å"His family were enormously wealthy – even in college his freedom with money was a matter of reproach – but now he’d left Chicago and come east in a fashion that rather took your breath away: for instance he’d brought down a string of polo ponies from Lake Forest. It was hard to realize that a man in my own generation was wealthy enough to do that. † (10) Explanation: Nick was explaining the wealth of Tom Buchanan’s family stemming back from his college days. At that young age he had the unusual luxury of money and then showcased his wealth by bringing a fleet of polo ponies along with him when he relocated. The quote shows how people would spend all their money just for amusement, because they could not because they needed anything. 3. â€Å"The living room was crowded to the doors with a set of tapestried furniture entirely too large for it, so that to move about was to stumble continually over scenes of ladies swinging in the garden of Versailles. † (35) Explanation: Mrytle is obsessed with projecting an image of that of a wealthy individual. Her apartment shows that whilst she has money and possessions, she is lacking in class and is unable to grasp what is appropriate for her apartment. 4. â€Å"composed of oddly familiar pieces of ivory. Finest specimens of human molars, he informed me (77) Explanation: Here Wolfsheim is describing his cufflinks. This again shows how someone has made a purchase simply to make a point. In this case his elaborate cufflinks represent the combination of gentry with barbarinism. His conspicuous consumption is aimed at proving his status to those around him.

ECON 4131, International Finance, Spring 2002, Exam 2 Essays -- UMN Mi

Midterm Exam International Finance April 7, 2004 Answer all questions in examination booklets 1. (15 points) Define the following a) The â€Å"spot† exchange rate b) The â€Å"forward† exchange rate c) A capital account â€Å"surplus† d) Currency depreciation e) Arbitrage 2. (10 points) Briefly discuss the essential features of forward contracts, currency futures, and currency options. 3. (15 points) Use the BOP accounts guide on the last page of this exam to indicate where each of the following transactions should be recorded in the U.S. balance of payments (e.g.: â€Å"i3†, â€Å"e2†, etc.). Bear in mind that each transaction should generate a capital account and a current account entry. a) A Canadian firm buys a $75 million jet from the American company Boeing, which it pays for with a check drawn on Banc du Quebec b) Cargill (out of Mpls.) buys $10m. of Canadian wheat, which it pays for with a check drawn on Twin Cities Federal c) An American...

Saddam Hussein

Very few political leaders of the modern world can stand up to a comparison with Nazi Germany’s Hitler. Saddam Hussein was one who certainly didn’t have to try too hard. Considering the painful beginnings he has had, Saddam Hussein had gone a long way in proving himself as a leader the world will not forget soon. Hussein had his strengths, convictions and the will to win, all of which worked in his selfish favor. However, contained in these very traits were his veiled weaknesses which ultimately led to his unceremonious ending. One may need a comprehensive overview of Saddam Hussein’s personality traits to render an understanding of what thrived underneath all his brutalities. The dark contours of Saddam’s temperament were etched before he was born on April 28, 1937, to his recently widowed mother, who was too distraught to be keen on having him. Spending his early years under the charge on his maternal uncle, Khyrallah, and later his mother and an abusive step-father, Saddam clearly did not have a conventional childhood, a fact that had a far reaching impact on his mental constitution. He grew up with a distorted self-esteem, which crippled his capacity for empathy with others and produced what has been described psychologically as ‘the wounded self’, a condition which, in Saddam’s case, let to strive for compensatory grandiosity, a steely resolve to never subject himself under a superior force (Post 2003, 2). Saddam’s was often referred to as the ‘mad man of the Middle-East’ equating him to a lunatic battling with psychotic disorders. However, according to Jerrold Post, there is no evidence that he had any such ailments. Rather, Saddam was a rational calculator who often miscalculates (Post 2003, 6). He was not an impulsive actor but rather was judicious and patient. All his inhuman actions then become all the more horrifying for they are results of delicate deliberation and planning. Saddam had a natural inclination for traumatizing his surroundings, from which he drew thrill and satisfaction. Saddam’s obsession with violence was the most terrifying side to his multi-faceted personality (Thomas 02). This obsession with violence certainly did not command accolades from his own people, many of whom have suffered untold miseries under his tyranny. Saddam’s personality traits adhere to the makings of what is called malignant narcissism (Post 2003, 6). He strived to exalt his personality by making Iraq an extension of his being. Also, to give him the religious sanctity that was essential to win over Islamic extremists, Saddam ordered Iraq’s genealogists to create a family line that links him to Fatima, the daughter of the prophet Mohammed (Thomas 02). He had elevated himself to the level that level of holiness where many religious minded people wouldn’t dare question his integrity and actions. Saddam had no constraints of conscience whatsoever. No question of morality ever crept into his mind as he went executing his ‘enemies’. Saddam also had an inherent unconstrained aggression, which he uses as an instrument to attain his goals. Force and violence were his only trusted weapons, and he never wavered to employ them. Saddam Hussein was also seen to have a strong paranoid orientation (Post 2003, 7). He always saw himself as surrounded by enemies for no good reason. Completely oblivious of his role in creating his own enemies, Saddam righteously eliminated his targets. This paranoia illustrates itself even in his conduct of foreign affairs, which let him to believe that Israel, The US and Iran have been in league with the purpose of eliminating him. Adding to these traits, Saddam was also burdened with certain vanities, which invariably would drive him to destructive behaviour. Underneath the vicious and terrifying persona, there was a side of him that was vulnerable and extremely egoistic. It is this political personality assemblage such as insatiable ambition for unlimited power, lack of conscience, unconstrained aggression, a paranoid outlook and obsession for violence which made Saddam the man the world loathed. It is also these very traits that sowed the seeds of his failure. Saddam Hussein Very few political leaders of the modern world can stand up to a comparison with Nazi Germany’s Hitler. Saddam Hussein was one who certainly didn’t have to try too hard. Considering the painful beginnings he has had, Saddam Hussein had gone a long way in proving himself as a leader the world will not forget soon. Hussein had his strengths, convictions and the will to win, all of which worked in his selfish favor. However, contained in these very traits were his veiled weaknesses which ultimately led to his unceremonious ending. One may need a comprehensive overview of Saddam Hussein’s personality traits to render an understanding of what thrived underneath all his brutalities. The dark contours of Saddam’s temperament were etched before he was born on April 28, 1937, to his recently widowed mother, who was too distraught to be keen on having him. Spending his early years under the charge on his maternal uncle, Khyrallah, and later his mother and an abusive step-father, Saddam clearly did not have a conventional childhood, a fact that had a far reaching impact on his mental constitution. He grew up with a distorted self-esteem, which crippled his capacity for empathy with others and produced what has been described psychologically as ‘the wounded self’, a condition which, in Saddam’s case, let to strive for compensatory grandiosity, a steely resolve to never subject himself under a superior force (Post 2003, 2). Saddam’s was often referred to as the ‘mad man of the Middle-East’ equating him to a lunatic battling with psychotic disorders. However, according to Jerrold Post, there is no evidence that he had any such ailments. Rather, Saddam was a rational calculator who often miscalculates (Post 2003, 6). He was not an impulsive actor but rather was judicious and patient. All his inhuman actions then become all the more horrifying for they are results of delicate deliberation and planning. Saddam had a natural inclination for traumatizing his surroundings, from which he drew thrill and satisfaction. Saddam’s obsession with violence was the most terrifying side to his multi-faceted personality (Thomas 02). This obsession with violence certainly did not command accolades from his own people, many of whom have suffered untold miseries under his tyranny. Saddam’s personality traits adhere to the makings of what is called malignant narcissism (Post 2003, 6). He strived to exalt his personality by making Iraq an extension of his being. Also, to give him the religious sanctity that was essential to win over Islamic extremists, Saddam ordered Iraq’s genealogists to create a family line that links him to Fatima, the daughter of the prophet Mohammed (Thomas 02). He had elevated himself to the level that level of holiness where many religious minded people wouldn’t dare question his integrity and actions. Saddam had no constraints of conscience whatsoever. No question of morality ever crept into his mind as he went executing his ‘enemies’. Saddam also had an inherent unconstrained aggression, which he uses as an instrument to attain his goals. Force and violence were his only trusted weapons, and he never wavered to employ them. Saddam Hussein was also seen to have a strong paranoid orientation (Post 2003, 7). He always saw himself as surrounded by enemies for no good reason. Completely oblivious of his role in creating his own enemies, Saddam righteously eliminated his targets. This paranoia illustrates itself even in his conduct of foreign affairs, which let him to believe that Israel, The US and Iran have been in league with the purpose of eliminating him. Adding to these traits, Saddam was also burdened with certain vanities, which invariably would drive him to destructive behaviour. Underneath the vicious and terrifying persona, there was a side of him that was vulnerable and extremely egoistic. It is this political personality assemblage such as insatiable ambition for unlimited power, lack of conscience, unconstrained aggression, a paranoid outlook and obsession for violence which made Saddam the man the world loathed. It is also these very traits that sowed the seeds of his failure.

Devil in the white City Summary

The World's Fair was an amazing event for our country. It represented how capable we were and how amazing our technology could become. It negated many of the stereotypes surrounding Chicago that it was only a city of animal butchery. It set a standard for how cities should be run and it picked up the economy with all of the work and tourism It created. But, hidden within all of this good was evil. Although pick pockets and thieves were very common, largely represented In the book Is murder.Holmes takes advantage of this situation and lures In young women who are traveling alone. Without the magnificent fair, he would have had a much more difficult time doing what he did. The good that people were creating within the fair created this room for evil. Honestly, It seems this Is a real world theme as well. Wherever good Is done, corruption Is always a possibility and often this opportunity Is taken. The sad theme that permeates this book Is that where there Is good, there will be evil.An d although unfortunate, It is reality-To me, the text had one BIG theme: evil as the result of good. The World's Fair was an amazing event for our country. It represented how capable we were and how amazing our technology could become. It negated many of the stereotypes surrounding Chicago that it was only a city of animal butchery. It set a standard for how cities should be run and it picked up the economy with all of the work and tourism it created. But, hidden within all of this good was evil. Although pick pockets and thieves were very common, largely represented in the book is ruder.Holmes takes advantage of this situation and lures in young women who are traveling alone. Without the magnificent fair, he would have had a much more difficult time doing what he did. The good that people were creating within the fair created this room for evil. Honestly, it seems this is a real world theme as well. Wherever good is done, corruption is always a possibility and often this opportunit y is taken. The sad theme that permeates this book is that where there is good, there will be evil. And although unfortunate, it is reality.

Connections between Platos Allegory of the Cave Galileo Galileis Dialogue of Two Chief World System

Connections between Platos Allegory of the Cave Galileo Galileis Dialogue of Two Chief World System Introduction Throughout history, the understanding of human nature has been a complex phenomenon. Scholars, philosophers, researchers and the laymen, have been reading different scripts, concerning the real nature of human society and human thinking. Different philosophers, including Plato and Galileo, have offered insightful ideas concerning the actual nature of human mind and the society in general.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Connections between Platos Allegory of the Cave Galileo Galileis Dialogue of Two Chief World System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The segregation of mankind on knowledge has been provided by these two philosophers. Based on their ideas, rejection of new ideas is the rule in human society. Mankind is always suspicious of new things and knowledge concerning his surrounding. In regards to Plato’s Allegory of the cave and Galileo Galilei’s Dialogue of Two Chief Worl d Systems, the human society is highly segregated on knowledge and awareness, concerning what is true or false. A strong connection exists between the ideas of the two philosophers, Plato and Galileo, whereby, the actual nature of human mind and the nature of learning have been exposed. The philosophers and the laymen are living in two distinct worlds, as far as knowledge and understanding of the globe is concerned. Discussion Due to the different levels of knowledge of people in the society, there is a very great challenge in the way people learn. The nature of human kind is always suspicious of new ideas. In this case, people who are ignorant or unaware of their world, always perceive new ideas as crazy, needless, unreal and to some extent, as heresy. In regards to the inferences of Plato and Galileo, people are living in mere darkness of their world. Little or no concern is shown in seeking new ideas or knowledge. The restrictive structures of the human society also inhibit the e ndeavors of mankind from seeking knowledge. This is evident through the case of Plato, where he depicts humanity as prisoners in a cave. This scenario implies the denial of knowledge and the ignorance of people, concerning their own world. These ideas are also evident in Galileo’s inferences, whereby, a huge gap of knowledge exists between philosophers and the layman, concerning the universe (Boyum 547).Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concept of the Cave developed by Plato, illustrates the ignorance of the human society as far as philosophical education is concerned. Plato equates the prisoners of the cave as the laymen who are unaware of their world. Majority of the human society are living in the dark, and are not educated like the philosophers. This is a huge proportion of the society, which is only dependent on the ideas and knowledge offered to the m by the philosophers. According to Plato, the journey out of the cave is only through philosophical education. According to Boyum (547), people pass through different stages in their endeavors of gaining light concerning their world. People in the cave are highlighted as living in the dark and only hear echoes and see shadows. The concepts of denial, rejection and suspicion, overwhelm people in the cave. As outlined by Boyum (547), everything in the cave is constantly shifting, ephemeral, flickering and impossible to pin. Basic knowledge is usually unattainable to the laymen, due to their insubstantiality and instability. It is worth noting that the human society is a world of intermediates, whereby, nothing is fixed, and everything is ambiguous (Boyum 547). The process of philosophical education or learning has been jeopardized by the suspicion between people. Boyum (4) argues that human souls are turned towards particulars, whereby, people seek to judge the just or practicability of new ideas. The need to differentiate between truth and false, is a key phenomenon in the nature of human learning. In order to move out of the cave, the uneducated persons are usually compelled by the educated to understand. This is the philosophical education whereby, the philosophers share their knowledge with the layman. Due to their ignorance, the laymen who are equated to prisoners in the cave, have no option other than believe the knowledge offered by the philosophers (Boyum 6). According to Zamir (92), the parable of the cave by Plato, is a nice presentation of the real nature of mankind. The cave dwellers or the laymen are ignorant of what is around them. The sculptures and artifacts presented to the cave dwellers concerning the outside world, are usually ignored by the cave dwellers due to their ignorance.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Connections between Platos Allegory of the Cave Galileo Galileis Dialogue of Two Chief World Syste m specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike the philosophers or the educated individuals, the cave dwellers are not in a position to see themselves or their neighbors. A high level of ignorance concerning self-knowledge as well as knowledge on who they communicate with exists among the non-philosophers. It is interesting to note that neither the cave dwellers nor the philosophers have command of their knowledge. This is evident from the opposition the philosophers face from cave dwellers, towards their knowledge which is not based on mere intellectualization (Zamir 92). The concept of the cave by Plato is meant to exemplify the dividing lines in the human society. The misrepresentations, forms and visible realities in the human society concerning knowledge, are depicted in the concept of the cave. Plato conveyed the knowledge that the laymen are like prisoners, since what they hear does not come from what they see rather from shadows and echoe s. The misrepresentations in the society from the few elites, are the source of the sounds people hear. Based on the concept of the cave, people learn from what they see or hear. The ideas of the philosophers, are believed to contribute a lot to the growth of philosophical education. The people living in the dark or the illiterate only belief in shadows they see as reality. The shadow makers or opinion makers compel the cave dwellers to belief or act in a certain manner and belief it to be truth. In this form of world, people belief whatever enters their mind regardless of its source or nature. People in the cave come to learn from shadows and echoes, and have no power to differentiate between illusion and reality, truth and false, genuine and pseudo or legitimate and phony (Miles 900). Among the three divisions of people, including the illiterate, semiliterate and literate, the literate are perceived to be the most knowledgeable. The illiterates and semi literate depend on the know ledge and ideas offered by the literates or the philosophers. The educated are referred to the erudite of the world, and help in passing knowledge to the other sphere of the society. It is worth noting that the elites or the philosophers have been liberated from the caves of ignorance. The path of gaining knowledge for this group of people is not much easy, whereby, they pass through different challenges. By gaining knowledge, the philosophers were able to move from the cave of darkness to the brightness of the sunlight (Martin 6).Advertising Looking for research paper on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In regards to the ideas of Galileo Galilei concerning the two chief world systems, the human society is clearly segmented on knowledge. The laymen and the philosophers live in different worlds of knowledge. As evident in the case of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Galileo Galilei’s Dialogue of Two World Systems depicts the lines dividing the human society. The lower segment of the society which composes of the illiterates, has little or no understanding, about the world they are. Despite being the majority, the uneducated have no idea about their society. This is contrasted to the massive knowledge and awareness of the philosophers or the elites, concerning the world. In his book, Galileo has explicitly demonstrated the knowledge gap in the human society. Based on the dialogue between Salivati, Simplicio and Sagrado, the ignorance of the uneducated concerning their world is demonstrated. Galileo has been able to highlight the darkness, in which the layman live in. The su bmissive nature and innocence of the laymen to believe what is taught to them by the philosophers, is demonstrated (Galilei 53). Based on the insights offered by Galileo, the suspicion and rejection of people on new knowledge is evident. Despite the eager of people to receive new ideas, they are usually skeptical of what is taught to them and always undermine it as heresy, needless, unreal and crazy. This is very evident in Galileo Galilei’s Dialogue of Two Chief World Systems, whereby, Copernican theory is accepted and Ptolemaic theory is rejected. It is worth noting that the line between truth and false is never clear in the human society, thus challenging the authenticity of the ideas offered by philosophers (Galilei 1). A point worth of consideration is that people can live in their level of imagination or level of perception, and still be satisfied with their lifestyle. People always know and are willing to know that what they imagine or perceive is the truth. This poses challenges in philosophical education, whereby, people are not ready to adopt ideas offered by their colleagues. Though the point of change from darkness is painful and usually overwhelmed by denial, one usually finds it rewarding and adopts it. People who have broke the chains of ignorance and moved to the brightness of the sunlight, find life rewarding. This makes it impossible to move back to the lower stages. In light with these scenarios, people in the lower segment are more eager to believe what the philosophers have for them than vice versa (Jerry 98). Conclusion The discussion has clearly shown the real human nature, which is overwhelmed by knowledge segmentation. The society is divided into different lines, based on the knowledge and awareness of people. The un-educated, who form the majority, are believed to be in a cave of darkness and have no understanding about what happens outside the cave. This is in contrast to the educated or philosophers, who have been liberated f rom the chains of darkness and have massive understanding about their world, themselves and their neighbors. Both Plato and Galileo have offered insightful ideas concerning the different worlds in which people live, based on their ignorance or knowledge. The path of learning is not easy, since each person has confidence and satisfaction in what he/she imagines or perceives. This has made it difficult for people to adopt new knowledge, due to the overwhelming rejection, suspicion and denial on new things. The difficulty in differentiating truth and false is a great challenge in human learning, which in this case, contributes to opposition on new ideas. With this analysis, it is evident that a strong connection exists between Platos Allegory of the Cave and Galileo Galileis Dialogue of Two Chief World Systems, concerning the nature of humankind. Bà ¸yum, Steinar. The Concept of Philosophical Education. Educational Theory 60.5 (2010): 543-559. Print. Galilei, Galileo. Dialogue Concer ning the two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican. London: University of California Press, 1962. Print. Galilei, Galileo. Dialogue concerning the two Chief World Systems. Webexhibits, 28 May 2012. Web. Jerry, Gill. â€Å"Re-exploring Plato’s Cave.† Philosophy Today 38. 1 (1994): 98-112. Print. Martin, Iddon. â€Å"Plato’s Chamber of secrets on Eavesdropping and Truths.† Performance Research 15.3 (2010): 6-10. Print. Miles, Groth, and Elizabeth Shaw. â€Å"The Essence of Truth: On Plato’s Cave Allegory and Theatetus.† Review of Metaphysics 58. 4 (2005): 900-901. Print. Zamir, Tzachi. The Face of Truth. Metaphilosophy 30.1 (1999): 79-94. Print.

8 great jobs for working parents

8 great jobs for working parents The ideal job for a working parent? It doesn’t exist. The best job would allow you to follow your passion, support your family financially, and be there whenever your kids need you. The key is to find a job with flex time, the ability to work from home or create a set work schedule around the school day, or even part-time hours if it’s financially viable. The following list includes jobs that are kid-friendly, jobs where you can set your own working hours, and jobs that allow work life and parent life to coexist in at least partial harmony.8 great jobs for working parents1. Speech and Language PathologistWhile these specialists can work in independent practices, oftentimes schools employ speech and language pathologists to work with kids who need help with their language abilities. Having kids can really help support you in this position to understand how to discuss speech and language issues with parents- plus, the position is automatically keyed in to the school sched ule and offers you insight into available after-school programs if you must work beyond the final bell.2. Real Estate AgentReal estate agents, who often work at open houses or show clients around to homes, aren’t chained to a desk 9-5- making this a great job for networkers who like being on their feet and fitting events in-between other commitments. There’s flexibility to the job, especially for two-parent families where one parent will be home on the weekend. The money is based on commission- so, the more work you put in, the more you will make in theory. This is a job where your network and expertise can grow over time.3. Freelance PhotographerFreelance photographers usually have an area of specialty, but portrait photography is a great option for parents- every day at school drop-off you have the potential to meet new clients for family portraits. Wedding photography or weekend photo sessions can also suit people’s schedules if they work around a partnerâ₠¬â„¢s M-F work week.4. Music TeacherCertified music teachers are often employed by school districts, but if you are musically inclined, running private group classes for small kids and parents at a common space or from your home is a great option- and a place where you can bring your own children, as well. You can also consider offering private music lessons or contracting with schools and local community centers as a visiting artist.5. Web Developer/Graphic DesignerThis job requires technical and design skills in order to create websites, promotional materials, or other web or print graphics for clients. All you need is a computer, so this is definitely a job you can do from home if you want to work on a freelance basis. Whether you are paid by hours worked or contracted for a set fee for your work, you can organize your schedule in order to meet deadlines and keep your work life flexible in order to meet your family demands.6. Working for a Youth OrganizationHere’s another kid-centric position that gets you involved in your community. Youth organizations create educational or recreational programming for children; they usually hire staff to everything from accounting, to fundraising, to directly creating and running specific activity programs. A bonus: you will be aware of the activities available to your own children and may receive discounts on things like summer camps. Plus, a family-oriented organization may be more inclined to family-friendly work practices.7. Freelance Writer/EditorFrom copywriting for a print magazine to blogging for corporate websites, there is a lot of freelance work available for talented writers. These gigs, which often pay by word count, can almost always be done from home. In fact, writing assignments are often flexible enough that you can have kids playing in the other room while you type away. If not, you can fit in a few hundred words after the kids go to bed.8. Social Media SpecialistAnother job that you can do from y our pajamas is social media promotion, where you spend time building the online presence of a company- you need to be able to tweet, create Instagram stories, and generally do all you can to savvily promote the work and goings-on of a business. This can be a job that requires regularly checking in on accounts or updating, but it can almost always be done remotely, on a flexible basis.

International Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Business Communication - Essay Example All the experts who are working in the field of multicultural environment require guidance on developing a work environment that is conducive for their entire workforce; the researchers belonging to the fields of cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology and applied linguistics have studied various factors to demonstrate the importance of various cultures’ knowledge and their implications on conducting effective intercultural business communication (Bowie, 2008; Chaney & Martin, 2011; Zang & Zhou, 2008).When the businesses have adequate understanding about the cultures and differing aspects of various countries, there is a high probability that there are positive interactions among people and cordial and effective business relationships are developed (Jameson, 2007; Lewis, 2005). The main concern for every organisation operating in international regions is to develop an understanding about the culture, values, norms and attitudes of each area of operation so that there are less chances of the misinterpretation of communication.In order to provide guidance to the organisations that are engaged in the globalisation processes, the researchers have studied the cultural contexts of distinct nations and have provided in-depth insights about the intercultural business communication (Espinar, 2010), working cultures (Forey & Lockwood, 2010), work behaviours (Bowey & Thill, 2010), work etiquettes (Okoro, 2012), language barriers and subcultures present in the organisation (Zang & Zhou, 2008).

Language Arts Unit Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Language Arts Unit Plan - Essay Example The lesson plans will have an Objective, Materials, Procedure, and Assessment. The lessons are all connected through using the same story but in different learning aspects and skills. Behavioral Objective-- The student will use their oral language to improve vocabulary by reading a short story and will write down on a sheet of paper any new words that they do not know. For example, croaker-sack, kindling, scowling, sycamore tree are some of the possible new words. The students will begin to use the dictionary to look up the meaning of the new words after they try to figure out the meanings from the story. This activity will be done after the first reading of the story. The students will also read this story silently. Procedure— Students will sit in one group or in small groups and read the story to each other taking turns in reading each paragraph. The teacher will take short notes when students may have trouble with certain words. Assessment—The teacher can ask the student to write down the word or words that the students may stumble with when reading and then practice saying the word or words by sounding them out. The teacher then can ask the student to give the meaning of the unknown word by reviewing the story context. Behavioral Objective— Student will use the story to learn the concept of making compound words. The student will read through the story and write down all the compound words on a sheet of paper. The students will learn what makes a compound word. They will also learn that a compound word is made of two separate words that could stand apart. Procedure— Students will read through the story and when they come to a compound word they will them write it down on their papers. The teacher can then ask them what two words make the one compound word that they found. Assessment-- To check for understanding the teacher can ask the student to read the story and when the student comes to a compound word he

Research in psychology-week3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research in psychology-week3 - Essay Example Furthermore it uses meta- analysis to compare this rate of relapse of offences in juveniles to those of adults and the findings indicate that it was relatively lower but not significantly different. This quantitative research analyses the issue at hand using an appropriate research framework because the situation requires the division of clearly defined variables. The undertaking is most appropriate as it is conducted by the use of meta-analysis. Using this approach the researchers gets the opportunity to critically evaluate and statistically combine results of comparable studies to the one he is currently conducting hence acquiring a comprehensive findings. This in regard to the current study would be to analyze the characteristics of the juvenile justice and compare the probability of repeat offences with that of the instruments of adult risk assessment. The findings indicate the presence of strong similarities between the two. Susan J. Smiths ‘Crime and the structure of soci al relations’ analyses the geography of crime. Looking at the element of victimization in an ethically mixed inner city the findings of the study suggest that the distribution of crime reflects the lifestyle and the activity patterns of a community. Using aspects of an exploratory research and observation the researcher addresses abstract concerns about the problems of law and order by highlighting certain characteristics of a specific residential environment and the effect of crime in terms of social anxieties it faces. The approach taken by the research is deemed most appropriate considering the achieving of an understanding of a complex phenomenon. Furthermore it investigates the relationships and patterns in the context in which the activity happens. This can be seen in the way the findings indicate that the more an environment is prone to violence in terms of trends of lifestyle the more the crime feeds into the structure of a society and social relations. References Cra ig S. Schwalbe. Risk Assessment for Juvenile Justice: A Meta-Analysis. Law and Human Behavior, 31, 449 - 464. Susan J. Smith. Crime and the Structure of Social Relations. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 9,

Demand And Globalisation Of Human Trafficking

Demand And Globalisation Of Human Trafficking This essay will analyse the concept and practice of human trafficking, focusing particularly on the way in which the local issues have attributed to globalisation of human trafficking, and the influence of western societies on human trafficking. It will further analyse the harms and violence associated with the trafficking, as well as powers that state bodies have on control and prevention of human trafficking. Human trafficking is not a new phenomenon, however it has in the recent 20 years attracted more media attention. Horrific tales of brutality, exploitation and abuse of young women trafficked into prostitution has led to many authors and academics writing vastly about the subject. These reports and articles have brought to light not only the extent of human trafficking, but have also identified reasons behind this crime and methods of possible prevention from such crime occurring. Human trafficking needs to be differentiated from smuggling. The two notions are more than often linked and referred to as one and the same. The main difference between the two concepts lies in the fact that smuggling rarely includes the use of force or abuse and once the migrant has been smuggled into the destination country, they are free to continue with the settlement in the new country. Trafficked people, however, do not have that freedom. Human trafficking has often been referred to as a modern day slavery and in many aspects it retains many elements associated with slavery. Difficulty with distinguishing between human trafficking and smuggling highlights the additional harm that victims of trafficking may experience when attempting to get assistance from police authorities and governments of destination countries. In Human Trafficking: Sketchy data and policy responses (2008) Goodey argues that smuggling becomes trafficking once a person who is being smuggled experiences exploitation at any point from recruitment through to arrival at their destination (2008, p. 422). Goodey further argues that in reality it is difficult to distinguish between smuggling and trafficking mainly because smugglers could be seen as exploiting willing migrants by requiring them to pay extortionate fees in order to facilitate their migration. These fees often become extremely high interest loans, which need to be repaid by the migrant in a very short period. However, when such fees have been repaid, the migrant is free to continue with his life. In a Home Office report Stopping Traffic: exploring the extent of, and response to, trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in the UK (2000) Kelly and Regan further explain that an element of freedom exists as a distinguishing factor between trafficking and smuggling. Kelly and Regan continue to explain that trafficked women are under the control of their traffickers and are treated as part of transaction. Traffickers will unavoidably incur expenses for the travel, falsifying documents and bribery, among other expenses, in order to facilitate the process of trafficking, and will in turn impose that debt on to the victim, requiring her to pay it off through prostitution. It has been suggested that globalisation has had a massive impact on the increase of human trafficking in the recent years. Lack of economic opportunities for women in post-communist countries has been suggested as one of the main factors in increase of human trafficking. Desperation and poverty faced by young women is seen as a mitigating reason behind the question of why so many women are willing to migrate. Methods of recruitment used by traffickers vary, but most commonly involve friends, family or partners of trafficked victims. Recruitment can also take place through an agency, advertising for jobs abroad, however, these are false job opportunities. Internet has also become a vital tool in recruitment of victims. Berman, in her article (Un)Popular strangers and crises (un)bounded: discourses of sex-trafficking, the European political community and the panicked state of the modern state (2003), argues that the evolvement of the societies, both economical and social evolvement, have a direct impact on human trafficking and the globalisation of this crime. In this article, Berman sets out arguments to support her notion of human trafficking as globalised and gendered crime. However in her work the separate concepts of human trafficking and smuggling are often referred to as one concept, which in turn can create greater harm for trafficked victims, as they are considered no more than illegal immigrants. She analyses the reasons behind globalisation and an impact economic and social globalisation have had on human trafficking. It is evident that local issues become globalised where lack of available employment or opportunity for young women is available. These women will then be easily persuaded, with the false promise of a better life abroad, to agree to migration, not knowing the reality of what is ahead of them. Recruitment process is therefore cleverly designed to ensure that the recruiters are usually people they know, relatives or anyone they might trust, and because this is the case, the reality of their future is even more disturbing. Shelleys work Human Trafficking as a Form of Transnational Crime (2007) argues that the modern technology has facilitated for an easier and faster communication within the globalised world, and has therefore had a major impact on the organised crime. Shelley further argues that in the countries of former USSR, hundreds of thousands of websites exist promoting brides and sexual services, and in Europe, websites promote sex tourism, particularly in Latin America and Asia (Shelley, 2007, p. 119). Goodey (Human Trafficking: Sketchy data and policy responses, 2008) analyses the reasons why migration and trafficking in particular can carry on even where the prevention techniques, such as public awareness of such crime, have been implemented. She finds evidence in the fact that a prosperous sex industry exists and so does the demand for women and girls. Traffickers recognise the demand for such services and therefore ensure that there is a regular supply of women. Goody further argues that membership of new countries in the EU, in particular the eastern European and post-communist countries, which were in the past recognised as countries of origins for sex trafficking, has facilitated an easier method of trafficking. Harm and violence of human trafficking is more than just physical abuse by traffickers and their owners. Harm and violence often extend after the period of abuse had ended. It extends even at the police station where authorities seem to be more concerned with removal of illegal immigrants rather than assisting the victims of trafficking. Difficulty with recognising the victims of trafficking lies in the fact that even victims themselves do not necessarily know what has happened to them has in fact made them such victim. Fear of prosecution and deportation, i.e. being labelled as a criminal, makes it even harder for the victims to come forward and identify themselves as victims. Furthermore, fear over lack of prosecution of the traffickers themselves further paralyses the whole criminal justice system. Women are encouraged to assist with prosecution in order to be able to stay in the country, however such assistance does not necessarily extend after the prosecution period and it certa inly does not extend to their families who are still in the origin country. Shelley (Human Trafficking as a Form of Transnational Crime, 2007) explores the methods used by traffickers in order to ascertain control over the victims once the recruitment and detention process has been achieved. She argues that the traffickers are rarely caught or successfully prosecuted mainly due to the lack of support for victims of trafficking. Bermans work (Un)Popular strangers and crises (un)bounded: discourses of sex-trafficking, the European political community and the panicked state of the modern state (2003) further argues that protection of victims is limited and that the pressure put on victims to further jeopardise both their lives and the lives of their loved ones is immense. The lack of adequate protection means that many traffickers go unpunished, while the real victims are themselves treated as illegal criminals. The greatest harm, however, is the violation of human rights of each trafficked woman. It has been shown that trafficked women who are sold off to different owners are subject to much greater abuse. The abuse suffered by trafficked women is coupled with the fear their traffickers impose on them. Threatening their lives and the lives of the loved ones are the methods used by traffickers to ensure that the victims of trafficking remain in their control and do as they are told. Power is vested within the governments and governmental authorities, however it could be said that traffickers themselves have great power as well. In order to be able to traffic such large numbers of women, men and children, requires great organisation and even greater connections with border controls, as well as authorities that seem to be corruptible. In Stopping Traffic? (2006), Munro analyses counter trafficking proposals set out in different countries and how each country, using different legislative approaches, attempts to prevent human trafficking. Her analysis highlights the problems faced by each country, as cooperation is not necessarily in place between the countries. Although, her research is based on the workings of the individual countries, her findings are supporting the issues arising out of globalisation of human trafficking, and more importantly, they look into the questions on how such crimes can still be carried out in the 21st Century. Through analysis of the systems adopted by different countries, Munro attempts to establish whether such systems have contributed towards the reduction of human trafficking within those countries. She highlights the problems faced by each country and her findings are directly linked to the issues of globalisation. By looking at Australia, Italy, Sweden and Netherlands, Munro highlights the differences each country has made in combating the crime of human trafficking. Australia toughened its laws on human trafficking by creating an offence whereby claiming ownership over another person is punishable by up to 25 years imprisonment. It further created offences including causing a person to enter or remain in sexual servitude, or inducing a person to provide sexual services through deception (Munro, 2006, p. 319). Italy seems to have been influenced by a more humanitarian impulse (Munro, 2006, p. 319). In Italy access to help is provided to all victims regardless of whether they want to take part in identifying and giving evidence against their traffickers. Netherlands, on the other hand, requires victims to cooperate in judicial investigation. In return for such cooperation, victims are given a temporary residence. Once the temporary residence has come to an end, victims will be asked to leave the country, unless they can show that there are exceptional circumstances. Sweden has created legislation that criminalises the purchase (but not the sale) of sexual services (Munro, 2006, p. 320), and therefore became the first country to outlaw sex purchasing, and not selling. The Swedish model, as it is also known as, has been subject to criticism. Among critics are also Swedish sex workers who claim that no consultation with them had taken place prior to the legislation being enacted. The lack of consultation has meant that they are now more reluctant to ask the police for any help or assistance. It has been reported that there are now more women being trafficked across the border to Norway, and it would seem that there are now more Swedish men frequenting Norway in order to purchase sex. This illustrates how curtailing supply and demand in one country creates a new market where supply and demand can continue to flourish. Goodey, (Human Trafficking: Sketchy data and policy responses, 2008) further analyses the prevention and reduction process of human trafficking by considering international policies and legal understandings of trafficking. She argues that such policies have been unsuccessful and as a result human trafficking is on the rise. In her article, Goodey analyses different approaches to the issues surrounding human trafficking with the aim of determining the victims position within the state. She concludes that human trafficking, or rather, sex trafficking in particular, is nowadays considered to be a labour issue, therefore trafficked women may not necessarily be seen as victims. Doezma in her work Now You See Her, Now You Dont: Sex Workers at the UN Trafficking Protocol Negotiation (2005), argues that anti-trafficking measures are more often used against the victims, rather than against the traffickers. She further highlights the problems by listing different views of prostitution, which in turn digresses from the real issues relating to harm and violence associated with human trafficking. She recognises that historically, anti-trafficking measures have been used against sex workers themselves, rather than against traffickers' (Doezma, 2005, p. 62). There seem to be two divided views of prostitution. Coalition Against Trafficking in Women argues that prostitution is a form of sexual violence which can never be consented to or chosen as a profession. (Doezma, 2005, p. 67) On the other hand Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women considers prostitution as a chosen profession. They argue that prostitution as a chosen profession should be distinguished from trafficking, which is characterised by the use of force during the migration process and/or the consequent labour or services (Doezma, 2005, p. 68). Kelly and Regans report Stopping Traffic: exploring the extent of, and response to, trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in the UK (2000), provide an in-depth research into the working of the policing services in their attempts to protect and better understand the victims of human trafficking, as well as to prevent the crime from being carried out. The authors findings are based on the research carried out in the United Kingdom and therefore this report does not necessarily represent the global impact of human trafficking. However, the report does reflect many misconceptions relating to the victims of human trafficking, which are arguably also present across other states. This report further recognises that women are trafficked into those countries where the demand for sex trade is greater due to existing sex industries. Trafficking is an ongoing process, whereby women are trafficked through one or more transit countries, where they are also made to work or sold to other traffickers. The final destination is unknown to the trafficked woman. Kelly and Regan argue that it is clear that traffickers understand and are aware of the local and international politics and are therefore focused on targeting specific groups of women who have been identified as those affected by economic and social situation of a particular country. It is therefore not surprising to find that most of trafficked women are from countries distraught by wars and conflicts. The House of Commons, Home Affairs Committee (2009), The Trade in Human Beings: Human Trafficking in the UK, Sixth Report of Session 2008-09, Vol. 1, HC 23-I, www.parliament.uk/homeaffairscom (accessed 15 January 2010) report provides an in-depth research of both attempted quantification of human trafficking and proposed steps necessary to ensure protection of victims. It provides guidance on the issues relating to methods used by traffickers to recruit their victims, as well as guidance on prevention of human trafficking and increasing public awareness. It further considers the impact of supply and demand of sex workers, and whether legislating prostitution could in any form contribute to prevention of human trafficking by reducing the demand for sex trafficking. The report concludes by setting out the current position of the United Kingdom in the fight against human trafficking and by highlighting the important work carried out by both governmental and non-governmental bodies, both nationally and internationally. The report establishes that police forces should be provided with a more specific training that could assist them in recognising that even domestic workers could be victims of trafficking. Specific training should highlight the importance of recognising trafficking traits, such as confiscation of documents. Increasing public awareness has been recognised as one of the ways of preventing trafficking. Increasing awareness should also include educating not only general public, but also public officials, of signs of trafficking as well as to provide information on appropriate channels the assistance should be available to the victims of trafficking. Difficulty in globalising the prevention on trafficking, and finding a globalised method that is universally accepted and adhered to, lies in the fact that not all EU member states have taken adequate steps in combating trafficking. This report emphasises that mere enactment of legislation is not adequate prevention tool, if there is no strict enforcement of such laws. In conclusion, it is clear that human trafficking is a growing global issue. The reasons for the increase in human trafficking over the last 20 years has been down to the structural changing or globalising of the international economy and the increasingly deepening gap between the richer western and poorer eastern European countries. Women from post-communist countries have in particular been targeted by the traffickers, as the lack of economic opportunities in these countries has encouraged women to look for employment elsewhere. The risks faced by the traffickers are outweighed by the financial rewards human trafficking provides. Women, seen as commodities, can be sold repeatedly, therefore accumulating more regular profit for a trafficker than a narcotics dealer, who can only sell narcotics once. The rarity of successful prosecution against traffickers could be seen as an encouragement for traffickers to continue with their business, and even in cases of successful prosecution, th e penalties are not as harsh as for the narcotics dealer. Although the trafficking has become a global issue, the lack of unity on workable preventative methods means that legal controls are only applicable in a particular country and they do not extend universally over the other countries. Organised crime groups work on a transnational level and are aware of the limits each state has on the enforcement of their laws on combating human trafficking. All of the articles and reports present a horrifying truth that goes beyond the statistics and explores the grim realities of human trafficking. Human trafficking is possibly the greatest violation of human rights and a great deal more needs to be done to combat this activity and to prevent and protect any future victims. Clear definition and separation of concepts of human trafficking from smuggling would need to be universally accepted as this would ensure that the true victims of human trafficking are identified. Furthermore, tougher punishments on traffickers coupled with proper and thorough enforcement of legislation preventing trafficking could ensure that trafficking is curtailed to a certain extent by increasing the risks for traffickers. Funding and adequate support for victims of trafficking might also provide a better system whereby trafficked victims are not labelled as illegal immigrants and deported back to their origin countries without any support. Such system might a lso encourage trafficked victims to proceed with the prosecution of traffickers, however not as a condition for their settlement in that country. Word count: 3131